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topology
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... receiving the updates.
In addition, much work has been done to produce a protocol that responds
quickly to topology changes, yet involves small amounts of routing
protocol traffic.
...
... database
describing the Autonomous System's topology. Each participating router
has an identical database ...
... OSPF allows sets of networks to be grouped together. Such a grouping is
called an area. The topology of an area is hidden from the rest of the
Autonomous System. This information hiding enables a significant
reduction in ...
... traffic. Also, routing within the area is
determined only by the area's own topology, lending the area protection
from bad routing data. An area is a generalization of an IP ...
... The database of the Autonomous System's topology describes a directed
graph. The vertices of the graph consist of routers and networks ...
... explained in the previous section.
The topology of an area is invisible from the outside of the area.
Conversely, routers internal to a given area know nothing of the
detailed topology ...
... topology of an area is invisible from the outside of the area.
Conversely, routers internal to a given area know nothing of the
detailed topology external to the area. This isolation of knowledge
enables the protocol to effect a marked reduction in routing traffic ...
... between
areas. The backbone itself has all of the properties of an area. The
topology of the backbone is invisible to each of the areas, while the
backbone itself knows nothing of the ...
... of the backbone is invisible to each of the areas, while the
backbone itself knows nothing of the topology of the areas.
...
... as hub and and each of the areas as spokes.
The topology of the backbone dictates the backbone paths used between
...
... backbone dictates the backbone paths used between
areas. The topology of the backbone can be enhanced by adding virtual
links. This gives the system administrator ...
... N12-N15.
Routers RT3 and RT4 must also summarize Area 1's topology for
distribution to the backbone. Their backbone advertisements are shown
in Table 4. These summaries show which networks ...
... group of edges, all having the same color, and interconnected by
vertices, represents an area. If the topology of the Autonomous System
is intact, the graph will have several regions of color, each color
...
...
When the AS topology changes, one of the areas may become partitioned.
The graph of the AS will then have multiple regions of the same color
...
... the area. This additional information is a distillation of the rest of
the Autonomous System's topology.
This distillation is accomplished as follows: Each area border router ...
... backbone. Each area border router
summarizes the topology of its attached areas for transmission on the
backbone, and hence to all other area border routers. A ...