Internet
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In searching for Internet architectural principles, we must remember
that technical change is continuous in the information technology
industry. The Internet ...
... Internet architectural principles, we must remember
that technical change is continuous in the information technology
industry. The Internet reflects this. Over the 25 years since the
ARPANET started, various measures of the size of the Internet ...
... Internet reflects this. Over the 25 years since the
ARPANET started, various measures of the size of the Internet have
increased by factors between 1000 (backbone speed) and 1000000
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... are deprecated today. Principles that seem sacred today will be
deprecated tomorrow. The principle of constant change is perhaps the
only principle of the Internet that should survive indefinitely.
The purpose of this document is not, therefore, to lay down dogma
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The purpose of this document is not, therefore, to lay down dogma
about how Internet protocols should be designed, or even about how
they should fit together. Rather, it is to convey various guidelines
that have been found useful in the past, and that may be useful to
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... new protocols or evaluating such designs.
A good analogy for the development of the Internet is that of
constantly renewing the individual streets and buildings of a city,
rather than razing the city and rebuilding it. The architectural
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... present fundamentally new challenges, and the need for quality of
service and security guarantees in the commercial Internet.
As Lord Kelvin stated in 1895, "Heavier-than-air flying machines are
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... Is there an Internet Architecture? ...
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2.1 Many members of the Internet community would argue that there is
no architecture, but only a tradition, which was not written down for
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... general terms, the community believes that the goal is connectivity,
the tool is the Internet Protocol, and the intelligence is end to end
rather than hidden in the network.
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2.2 It is generally felt that in an ideal situation there should be
one, and only one, protocol at the Internet level. This allows for
uniform and relatively seamless operations in a competitive, multi-
vendor ...
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In practice, there are at least two reasons why more than one network
layer protocol might be in use on the public Internet. Firstly, there
can be a need for gradual transition from one version of IP to
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... new protocol.
The Internet level protocol must be independent of the hardware
medium and hardware ...
... medium and hardware addressing. This approach allows the Internet to
exploit any new digital transmission technology of any kind, and to
decouple its addressing ...
... addressing mechanisms from the hardware. It allows the
Internet to be the easy way to interconect fundamentally different
transmission media, and to offer a single platform for a wide variety
of Information Infrastructure applications and services ...
... state must be kept to an absolute minimum.
2.4 Fortunately, nobody owns the Internet, there is no centralized
control, and nobody can turn it off. Its evolution depends on rough
consensus about technical proposals, and on running code ...
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3.2 If there are several ways of doing the same thing, choose one.
If a previous design, in the Internet context or elsewhere, has
successfully solved the same problem, choose the same solution unless
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... reasonable limits. Only type codes and other magic numbers assigned
by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) may be used.
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... incorporation of patented technology is acceptable.
5.2 The existence of export controls on some aspects of Internet
technology is only of secondary importance in choosing which
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... importance in choosing which
technology to adopt into the standards. All of the technology
required to implement Internet standards can be fabricated in each
country, so world wide deployment of Internet ...
... Internet standards can be fabricated in each
country, so world wide deployment of Internet technology does not
depend on its exportability from any particular country or countries.
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... IP security architecture.
6.2 It is highly desirable that Internet carriers protect the privacy
and authenticity of all traffic ...
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This document is a collective work of the Internet community,
published by the Internet Architecture Board. Special thanks to Fred
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... This document is a collective work of the Internet community,
published by the Internet Architecture Board. Special thanks to Fred
Baker, Noel Chiappa, Donald Eastlake, Frank Kastenholz, Neal
McBurnett, Masataka Ohta, Jeff Schiller and Lansing Sloan.
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Note that the references have been deliberately limited to two
fundamental papers on the Internet architecture.
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... The Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols, D.D.Clark, Proc SIGCOMM 88, ACM CCR Vol 18, Number 4, August 1988, pages 106-114 (reprinted in ACM CCR Vol 25, Number 1, January 1995, pages 102-111). ...