Internet
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... TCP fits into a layered protocol architecture just above a basic
Internet Protocol [2] which provides a way for the TCP to send and
...
... receive variable-length segments of information enclosed in internet
datagram "envelopes". The internet ...
... destination TCPs in different networks. The
internet protocol also deals with any fragmentation or reassembly of
the TCP ...
... multiple networks and interconnecting gateways. The internet protocol
also carries information on the precedence, security classification
...
... TCP |
+---------------------+
| internet protocol |
+---------------------+
|communication network ...
... front-end computers which house the TCP and internet protocol layers,
as well as network specific software. The TCP ...
... TCP interfaces on one side to user or application processes and on
the other side to a lower level protocol such as Internet Protocol.
...
... interconnected networks. The lower level protocol which is assumed
throughout this document is the Internet Protocol [2].
...
... service between pairs of
processes. To provide this service on top of a less reliable internet
communication system requires facilities in the following areas:
...
... direction between its users by packaging some number of octets into
segments for transmission through the internet system. In general,
the TCPs decide when to block and forward data at their own
convenience.
...
... TCP must recover from data that is damaged, lost, duplicated, or
delivered out of order by the internet communication system. This
is achieved by assigning a sequence number to each octet
...
...
As long as the TCPs continue to function properly and the internet
system does not become completely partitioned, no transmission
errors will affect the correct delivery ...
... connections must be established between unreliable hosts and
over the unreliable internet communication system, a handshake
mechanism with clock-based sequence numbers is used to avoid
...
... buffers into
segments and calls on the internet module to transmit each segment to
the destination ...
...
The model of internet communication is that there is an internet
protocol module associated with each TCP which provides an interface ...
...
The model of internet communication is that there is an internet
protocol module associated with each TCP which provides an interface
...
... datagrams to a destination
internet module or intermediate gateway. To transmit the datagram
...
... At a gateway between networks, the internet datagram is "unwrapped"
from its local packet and examined to determine through which network ...
... from its local packet and examined to determine through which network
the internet datagram should travel next. The internet datagram ...
... the internet datagram should travel next. The internet datagram is
then "wrapped" in a local packet suitable to the next network ...
... internet datagram into smaller
internet datagram fragments if this is necessary for transmission
...
... network. To do this, the gateway produces a set of
internet datagrams; each carrying a fragment. Fragments ...
... fragments at subsequent gateways. The
internet datagram fragment format is designed so that the destination ...
... fragment format is designed so that the destination
internet module can reassemble fragments into internet datagrams ...
... type of service. This provides information
to the gateway (or internet module) to guide it in selecting the
service parameters to be used in traversing the next network ...
... TCP does not call on the
network device driver directly, but rather calls on the internet
datagram protocol module which may in turn call on the device driver.
...
... datagrams addressed to TCP modules in hosts anywhere in the internet
system. These calls have parameters for passing the address, type of
service ...
... unique addresses within each TCP, we concatenate an internet address
identifying the TCP with a port ...
... segments are sent as internet datagrams. The Internet Protocol
header carries several information fields, including the source and
...
... addresses [2]. A TCP header follows the internet
header, supplying information specific to the TCP ...
... protection against misrouted segments. This
information is carried in the Internet Protocol and is transferred
across the TCP/Network interface ...
... Segment Lifetime (MSL)
in the internet system of which the host is a part. In the
paragraphs below, an explanation for this specification is given.
...
... at the risk of causing some old data to be accepted as new or new
data rejected as old duplicated by some receivers in the internet
system.
...
... receiver and all duplicate
copies of the segments have "drained" from the internet. Without
such an assumption, two distinct TCP segments ...
... security parameters used in TCP are exactly those
defined in the Internet Protocol (IP) [2]. Throughout this TCP ...
... network. One case is that of the ARPA
internetwork system where the lower level module is the Internet
Protocol (IP) [2].
...
... Here we explicitly ask that a segment be destroyed if it cannot
be delivered by the internet system within one minute.
...
... A portion of a logical unit of data, in particular an internet
fragment is a portion of an internet ...
... An Internet Protocol field. This identifying value assigned
by the sender aids in assembling the fragments ...
... internet address ...
... The unit of data exchanged between an internet module and the
higher level protocol together with the internet header ...
... The unit of data exchanged between an internet module and the
higher level protocol together with the internet header. ...
... Internet Protocol. ...
... primarily in testing situations; for example, to carry
timestamps. Both the Internet Protocol and TCP provide for
options fields ...
... Type of Service, an Internet Protocol field. ...
... Postel, J. (ed.), "Internet Protocol - DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification", RFC 791std5, USC/Information Sciences Institute, September 1981. ...