range
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... developed and deployed, it is essential to provide means of
interconnecting them and to provide standard interprocess
communication protocols which can support a broad range of
applications. In anticipation of the need for such standards, the
Deputy Undersecretary of Defense ...
... sender. This is achieved by returning a "window" with
every ACK indicating a range of acceptable sequence numbers beyond
the last segment ...
... It is essential to remember that the actual sequence number space is
finite, though very large. This space ranges from 0 to 2**32 - 1.
Since the space is finite, all arithmetic dealing with sequence
numbers must be performed modulo 2**32. This unsigned arithmetic
...
... Because of the variability of the networks that compose an
internetwork system and the wide range of uses of TCP connections the
retransmission timeout ...
...
The window sent in each segment indicates the range of sequence
numbers the sender of the window (the data receiver ...
... imagine that they are first tested for proper sequence number (i.e.,
that their contents lie in the range of the expected "receive window"
in the sequence number space) and then that they are generally queued
...
... Segments containing sequence numbers entirely outside of this
range are considered duplicates and discarded. ...